Two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics in the grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG (GAMIL)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史湘军  王斌 《大气科学进展》2013,30(3):868-883

A two-moment bulk stratiform microphysics scheme, including recently developed physically-based droplet activation/ice nucleation parameterizations has been implemented into the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL) as an effort to enhance the model’s capability to simulate aerosol indirect effects. Unlike the previous one-moment cloud microphysics scheme, the new scheme produces a reasonable representation of cloud particle size and number concentration. This scheme captures the observed spatial variations in cloud droplet number concentrations. Simulated ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus clouds qualitatively agree with in situ observations. The longwave and shortwave cloud forcings are in better agreement with observations. Sensitivity tests show that the column cloud droplet number concentrations calculated from two different droplet activation parameterizations are similar. However, ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phased clouds is sensitive to different heterogeneous ice nucleation formulations. The simulation with high ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds has less liquid water path and weaker cloud forcing. Furthermore, ice crystal number concentration in cirrus clouds is sensitive to different ice nucleation parameterizations. Sensitivity tests also suggest that the impact of pre-existing ice crystals on homogeneous freezing in old clouds should be taken into account.  相似文献   

Impacts of two types of El Niño on atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere     

孙丹  薛峰  周天军 《大气科学进展》2013,30(6):1732-1742

Based on NCEP/NCAR （National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmo- spheric Research） reanalysis data from 1979 to 2010, the impacts of two types of E1 Nino on atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere （SH） are analyzed. It is shown thaL when a warming event occurs in the equatorial eastern Pacific （EP E1 Nino）, there is a negative sea level pressure （SLP） anomaly in the east- ern Pacific and a positive one in the western Pacific. Besides, there exists a negative anomaly between 40°S and 60°S and a positive anomaly to the south of 60°S. When a warming event in the central Pacific （CP E1 Nino） occurs, there appears a negative SLP anomaly in the central Pacific and a positive SLP anomaly in the eastern and western Pacific, but the SLP anomalies are not so evident in the SH extratropics. In particular, the Pacific-South America （PSA） pattern induced by the CP E1 Nino is located more northwestward, with a weaker anomaly compared with the EP E1 Nino. This difference is directly related with the different position of heating centers associated with the two types of E1 Nino events. Because the SST anomaly associated with CP E1 Nino is located more westward than that associated with EP El Nino, the related heating center tends to move westward and the response of SH atmospheric circulation to the tropical heating changes accordingly, thus exciting a different position of the PSA pattern. It is also noted that the local meridional cell plays a role in the SH high latitudes during EP E1 Nino. The anomalous ascending motion due to the enhancement of convection over the eastern Pacific leads to an enhancement of the local Hadley cell and the meridional cell in the middle and high latitudes, which in turn induces an anomalous descending motion and the related positive anomaly of geopotential height over the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea.  相似文献   

陕西夏季旱涝的主要环流特征     

王娜  方建刚  崔巍  肖科丽  王琦 《干旱气象》2013,(4):702-707

利用1961—2008年NCEP／NCAR再分析资料以及陕西地面月降水资料,采用EOF分解、合成分析等方法,分析了陕西夏季旱涝的时空分布特征以及前期气候系统的异常信号特征。结果表明：陕西夏季多雨年乌拉尔山高压脊和鄂霍次克海高压偏强,贝加尔湖低槽偏深,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,西伸脊点偏西。并且前期冬季中高纬度中亚长波脊偏强偏西,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,印缅槽偏弱,700hPa西北地区东部至华北偏北风异常偏强,赤道东太平洋出现暖水位相,西风漂流区海温偏低,印度洋海温偏高,陕西夏季易多雨;而陕西夏季少雨年西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,西伸脊点偏东,陕西主要受中亚高脊前西北气流控制。前期冬季中高纬度欧洲西北部低槽偏强,中亚长波脊偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,印缅槽偏强,700hPa西北地区东部至华北偏南风异常偏强,赤道东太平洋出现冷水位相,西风漂流区海温偏高,印度洋海温偏低,陕西夏季易少雨。  相似文献   

地基GPS遥感大气水汽总量中的"静力延迟"和"湿延迟"   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

李成才  毛节泰 《大气科学》2004,28(5):795-800

介绍了静力延迟和湿延迟概念的由来,推导了由对流层延迟计算水汽总量的一般公式;与李延兴等提出的新模型进行了对比,对其相应的观点提出讨论意见.认为国际上通用的AN模型比较严密地求解了对流层大气水汽总量,不存在与"真值"相比偏小的问题.  相似文献   

近地层大气折光系数的新反演法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋利龙  易又庆 《大地测量与地球动力学》2005,25(4):88-90

以近地层大气垂直折光系数的传统反演方法和理论计算模型为基础,提出了一种可以直接利用对向EDM三角高程测量结果计算往测与返测折光系数的新反演方法。运用该方法时,不需要增加外业工作量,只需通过联合求解传统反演式和理论计算式,便可求得相对可靠的折光系数值,从而有效提高EDM三角高程测量的精度。  相似文献   

Impacts of High-Frequency Atmospheric Forcing on Southern Ocean Circulation and Antarctic Sea Ice     

Yang WU  Zhaomin WANG  Chengyan LIU  and Xia LIN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(5):515-531

The relative contributions of atmospheric fluctuations on 6 h?2 d,2?8 d,and 8 d?1 month time scales to the changes in the air?sea fluxes,the SO circulation,and Antarctic sea ice are investigated.It was found that the imposed forcing variability on the three time scales creates a significant increase in wind power input,and hence an increase of about 50%,97%,and 5%of eddy kinetic energy relative to the simulation driven by monthly forcing,respectively.Also,SO circulation and the strength of the upper cell of meridional overturning circulation become strengthened.These results indicate more dominant effects of atmospheric variability on the 2?8 d time scale on the SO circulation.Meanwhile,the 6 h?2 d(2?8 d)atmospheric variability causes an increase in the total sea-ice extent,area,and volume,by about 33%,30%,and 19%(17%,20%,and 25%),respectively,relative to those in the experiment forced by monthly atmospheric variables.Such significant sea-ice increases are caused by a cooler ocean surface and stronger sea-ice transports owing to the enhanced heat losses and air-ice stresses induced by the atmospheric variability at 6 h?2 d and 2?8 d,while the effects of the variability at 8 d?1 month are rather weak.The influences of atmospheric variability found here mainly result from wind fluctuations.Our findings in this study indicate the importance of properly resolving high-frequency atmospheric variability in modeling studies.  相似文献   

基于激光云高仪反演全天边界层高度的两步曲线拟合法     

蔡嘉仪  苗世光  李炬  潘昱冰  权建农  程志刚 《气象学报》2020,78(5):864-876

大气边界层高度是天气、气候、大气环境研究中的一个重要参数,目前尚缺少基于激光雷达探测系统反演全天边界层高度的有效方法。文中利用北京朝阳站、大兴站的激光云高仪数据,首先评估了梯度法、标准偏差法、曲线拟合法和小波协方差法反演边界层高度的适用性和局限性,发现梯度法容易受环境噪声的影响,曲线拟合法稳定性较好,但在夜间弱湍流条件下会将残留层高度误判为夜间边界层高度。提出两步曲线拟合法,将一天中边界层结构划分为白天的对流边界层、夜间的残留层和稳定边界层,通过用不同的理想曲线对其进行两步拟合,获取全天边界层高度的变化。将两步曲线拟合法的反演结果与基于L波段探空雷达的位温梯度法的探测结果进行比较发现:两者相关系数为0.91,证明了两步曲线拟合法的可行性以及激光云高仪探测边界层高度的应用潜力。采用该方法反演2017年5—6月朝阳站与大兴站边界层高度,对比发现:城区特殊的下垫面性质使朝阳站日间对流边界层发展更早,边界层高度更高,全天朝阳站边界层高度的变化在308—1391 m,大兴站在197—1302 m。   相似文献   

2020年4月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

关良  张涛  刘自牧 《气象》2020,46(7):994-1000

2020年4月大气环流呈单极型分布,中高纬环流为三波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度与常年相当,南支槽较常年偏弱。4月全国平均气温为11.2℃,接近常年同期,全国共有18个站日降温幅度达到极端事件标准。全国降水量为33.7 mm,较常年同期（45.1 mm）偏少25.3%。月内共出现2次主要冷空气过程,4次大范围降雨过程;云南气象干旱缓解,长江以北多地气象干旱发展;北方地区出现1次沙尘暴天气,较常年同期明显偏少。  相似文献   

1961—2018年广东高温的气候变率及其与大气环流和海温异常的关系     

伍红雨  郭尧  吴遥 《热带气象学报》2020,36(4):455-463

利用1961—2018年广东86个国家气象观测站逐日最高气温资料,NCEP/NCAR月尺度再分析大气环流资料、海表温度资料(ERSST V5),国家气候中心大气环流指数资料,采用相关、合成、突变分析等方法分析了广东高温的气候变率及其与大气环流和海温的关系。结果表明,近58年来广东平均高温日数以3.0 d/(10 a)的速率显著上升,并在1998年发生增加的突变。广东高温日数具有显著的年际和年代际变化并且其对应的大气环流和海温的异常特征基本相同,但年际差异比年代际差异更加明显。在6—9月,对流层中高层位势高度正异常是广东高温日数偏多的一个重要原因,同时南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压偏强、影响华南的偏北气流偏强,大陆高压加强也对应高温日数偏多。在5—8月,热带印度洋、热带西太平洋、南海海温偏高有利于广东高温日数增多。   相似文献   

2019年冬季海洋天气评述          下载免费PDF全文

杨正龙  尹尽勇  张增海  刘涛  曹越男  吕心艳 《山东气象》2020,40(2):19-28

2019年冬季（2019年12月—2020年2月）大气环流特征为：北半球的极涡呈偶极型分布,中高纬呈3波型分布,西风带槽脊较常年明显偏弱。位势高度距平场显示,东亚中纬度地区处于正距平区,东亚大槽强度弱,冷空气强度较常年同期偏弱,大风过程显著偏少,我国近海共出现7次明显的8级以上大风过程,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程有2次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风过程有2次。浪高在2 m 以上的海浪过程有10次。近海出现大范围的海雾过程12次,海雾区域主要出现在渤海、渤海海峡、黄海北部和中部海域、琼州海峡及北部湾,出雾时段多集中于夜间至早晨。海面温度随时间逐渐降低,其从北到南的温度差在冬季由22 ℃加大到27 ℃。西北太平洋和南海共有1个台风生成。  相似文献